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From http://www.atheistlloyd.com/Content/7-DefiningArtificialReality.html

Defining

Artificial Reality

for

Reality 101 ISBN 0-595-21834-2

by Lloyd Harrison Whitling

Atheists don't care much for my books, Reality 101 or The Complete Universe of Memes because they feel like I offer too much support to religion. That, I think, is too bad. Religionists feel the the same way in reverse. My tendency and intentions are to describe things as I see them, and not according to anyone's fancy or political expediency. If I end up proving God exists, so be it. I can vouch that God will be nothing like anyone has described. You wanna find out?—just click on the link, because the larger book portrays a natural, observable god that's as real as anything you might have on your mind. I worked hard to understand it. I wish others would do the same, and see it for themselves. The closest I know of anyone having done so is the atheist who coined the name of the book's subject. Try to grasp that which follows, if you think it is easy or just something I imagined. I am an atheist, but it is because of this that I refer to myself as a secular person.

Picture This: Reality can be understood as a tree arranged like the files and folders (or, subdirectories) in a computer, the root folder being labeled "Natural Reality". From that family root and stem grow two child branches labeled "Tangible Reality" and "Intangible Reality". Although covered with subject matter represented as leaves, Tangible Reality has no branches, and is recognizable by its adornment-free, predictable form, by which its features can be described as whatever they are and shown to others with general agreement resulting. The leaves on the Tangible Reality branch represent those features of Nature which have been, and have yet to be, investigated. Like the insights promoted in the Creative Dissatisfaction chapter named The Mountain, The Reality Tree is a beautiful example of a functioning artificial fictional reality. Read on to see what that means. Sketch your understanding so far on a sheet of paper, to see how it might look. Keep sketching while you read. Raise your branches up from the root folder, rather than down as is normal.

Intangible Reality branches into "Natural Intangible", and "Artificial Intangible" realities. The Natural Intangible Reality limb, although covered with leaves, does not fork again but, like its smaller relative, Natural Tangible Reality, is otherwise recognizable by its plain, dependable form, by which its features can be described as whatever they are and shown to others with general agreement resulting, and depend on culture only for the form of their expression.

Arising quickly out of the ponderous branch representing Artificial Realities are massive forks labeled "Practical Artificial reality", "Cyber Reality", and "Fictional Reality". They should be easily recognized by all who view them, as being labeled according to the kinds of leaves they support, the twigs and leaves of all these grafted branches being the variety of subject matter with which human beings deal, or to which they apply their minds, and which contain the various forms of human aspirations, knowledge and understanding. My mission in Reality 101 is to describe some of those leaves, so that others can learn to recognize the various forms of reality for themselves, and define to which branch of it their interests most apply.

Tangible Reality defines itself; being tangible means it can be touched, or observed as being a thing of substance, or a location upon a thing of substance toward which one can direct others knowing they will find it there; and, also, an effect or condition which can be recognized by others, which involves a thing of substance in its occurrence. Tangible Reality is what would exist whether or not human beings were present to recognize it, in some form which can directly affect at least one of the acknowledged five senses, and can be directly verified by other people.

Intangible Reality, because it does not necessarily directly affect sensory organs, does require an intelligent presence to recognize its existence, and to determine to which fork its various guises belong. Intangible Natural Reality upholds the leaves which represent the various matters relative to human existence, which humans have developed ways to understand and apply, that can be depended upon to work whenever and wherever they may be used, and which humans have learned to translate from one culture to the next for dependable results in their dealings with each other, the results of which can be indirectly verified by other people.

Artificial Realities exist only as a result of human endeavors, but are recognizable for their lack of substance, and lack of physical verifiablity. A computer is an artificial device, but can be recognized as being an object with tangible reality. Its presence can be verified. The images displayed on its monitor are recognizable as being only results of controlled electron beams affecting phosphors painted on the glass, but are interpreted by humans who've learned to recognize the intent behind them, and applied according to their agreed-upon meanings. While the meaning is usually verifiable, the methods which produced it can only be duplicated by copying or imitating the controls by which it was created, which is possible to do. Therefore, they represent Practical Applied Artificial Reality, along with such human creations as TV images, music, speech, values, etc., even though they are components of Cyber Reality.

Cyber Reality is Artificial Reality created by a computer or other artificial device, rather than a human mind. It is artificial Artificial Reality. Fictional Artificial Reality requires suspension of disbelief in order to function, and proof is never offered as a condition of acceptance. That which represents evidence is of the type an American courtroom would label 'hearsay' or 'calls for assumption', and refuse to recognize.

It is foolish to demand proof of any claims being made about the various realities. Proof depends on the willingness of all parties to accept it as valid, as much as does the original claim for which proof is being offered or demanded. The only universal which can stand up to all demands made for truth to be demonstrated, is that of verifiability. Only by its verifiability can the nature of any claim about reality be made known; and also by its lack of verifiability. Again: It is foolish to demand proof of any claims being made about any aspect of reality the existence of which is not verifiable. This form of reality must be given its due recognition as being fictional artificial reality. Does this notion mean it has to be considered unreal? NO!— but the onus to support it remains with those who insist otherwise.

Of all the variants of reality, Fictional Artificial Reality can be the most controversial because its entire realm exists within the mind (including the composite mind of a culture), and cannot be demonstrated in any fashion external to that, even though it is the largest branch of reality. Its statements are unverifiable. It functions only as a result of common agreement concerning various applications of symbology, and fails to function when those agreements cease, and so requires constant replenishment through enforcement, rituals, and the spoken word for its existence to continue. Some cultures regard this variant of reality to be so important the replenishments are required by law for all adherents, often according to a schedule, and outsiders are viewed as being threats when they do not follow the symbological code nor perform the procedures set forth for replenishment, and regarded with suspicion when they do.

To recognize a portion of reality as fictional, or even artificial, should not serve as an excuse to devalue it. It is, after all, a form of reality. It has come about as a result of human agreement concerning aspects of their existence with which they had no other way to deal. For that very reason, most of humanity will uphold some form of Fictional Reality, regard it very highly, and regard their culture so important they would go to war and risk death in support of that reality. Others of their culture will honor them for taking that stand and their willingness to sacrifice in support of the rest, and hold them in high esteem. To be outspoken in support of it results in praise and to question it will gain the condemnation of all its adherents.

What is important is to recognize all elements of this portion of reality, to further recognize when it fails to function, or when its functions diminish, and then to make corrections so that function will resume. Friction between two cultures is almost wholly a result of disagreements in this realm of human reality when they are not a result of one encroaching upon the other to satiate its greed. One or the other of those two items will account for most of the wars, and battles, fought during recorded history. They will also most likely account for the majority of personal battles, marital disputes, and spats between neighbors or members of a family. They often serve as a distraction to avoid resolving the actual issues which should be dealt with instead.

Further examples of Fictional Artificial Realities within a culture are the governments set up to guide it, and corporations and other enterprises which do business within it. Both depend on continued human endeavor for their existence. If the people involved would stop doing their daily assigned tasks in support of them, they would simply vanish but for their artifacts (the buildings, tools, and documents created to support them). It is replenishment by human activity that fuels them, and the agreement of those who thrive in the culture, as written into laws, which created them. Seldom would anyone question their reality or their right to be recognized as what they claim to be.

To put an abrupt end to every facet of Fictional Reality upheld in our cultures would devastate our existences. Most of us would likely die as a result of something so foolish. Compare the reality of that, to the foolishness of anyone insisting the existence of all Fictional Realities is something for which proof must be required. These fictional entities form the foundations upon which we thrive. Would it not be better to recognize them for whatever they are, and then set about the task of improving them?

I would fully expect any wise person to agree with that, once they had gotten a handle on it. Problems are introduced by our various ways of perceiving reality which, for the most part, operate to prevent the exercise of that kind of wisdom. Most of us rely on a priori concepts, according to which statements and events are compared to preconceived ideas, derived from the notion that reason alone can determine the nature, source, and consequences of a subject being investigated. Problems elicited with this approach arise in a twofold manner: (1) Evaluating the new according to the old does not serve to shed light on the errors of the old, so no corrective actions can be discerned. (2) That the investigators' reason is determined by the nature of their education, the amount of it, their intestinal fortitude, and the worldview which they support, is highlighted by the great variety of determinations, especially in opposition of each other, that have already been made by investigators of the total amount of all the subject matter they have set about describing. This, in itself, serves to explain the overwhelming variety of religions proclaiming the truths handed them each alone by a god which rules over nature.

The opposite approach to a perception of reality, as philosophically defined, is a posteriori, which says that reasons can be derived only by observation of facts. This would be fine, were it not a fact that a priori influences will form a bias point for making those observations. As a natural secularist, I lean toward this approach with that reservation constantly in mind, knowing I must maintain that reservation if I am going to improve the state of my own ability to learn. If an a priori approach can only be derived from a set of precedents including the errors they would perpetuate, and if that approach also thwarts efforts made to learn, then I feel it should be avoided. Even if the a priori conceptual basis seems complete, that makes it no more valid a tool for determining facts than would any other fictional novel or story, which can also seem, in itself, to be complete.

If something is complete, what facts would still need to be determined? Is not the method used for making such a determination very similar to that approach of the natural scientific method which I call discovery?— the only difference being that a predetermined answer is required in order to support the precepts upon which the fictional reality is based, and the discovery sought is for a way of supporting that, rather than for a useful answer.

The Tree of RealitiesThat is the same procedure extinct societies used, once they had reached their peak, to foster their own decline. Only when science advances, and so advances the status of new knowledge, do societies advance (in spite of vociferous opponents of new knowledge claiming the obverse). The correctly applied discovery procedure requires every individual to wonder why "I don't know," and then make an effort to discover the answers that lead him to the next step, where he can again say, "I don't know," and renew his sense of wonder. The result of this is the repeated epiphany (often referred to as a 'Religious Experience') that makes a smiling individual stand out from the crowd of sourpusses that surround him.

Interactive cause and effect define the laws of Nature by which we are most affected. A person who struggles and achieves, and gains the thrill of accomplishment from it, will smile a lot more often than someone made paranoid by the society whose accelerating rate of change he sees to be a plot playing out against him.

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