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Practical Hedonism
Pain as the one truthful teacher of moral principles?

by Lloyd Harrison Whitling

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"For he who is occupied has in view some end which he has not attained; but happiness is an end, since all men deem it to be accompanied with pleasure and not with pain." Aristotle, Politics, Book 8

"Now obviously youths are not to be instructed with a view to their amusement, for learning is no amusement, but is accompanied with pain." Aristotle, Politics, Book 8

Practical Hedonism may be an ancient philosophy. The pleasure principle is not a new topic for discussion, and the roles of pleasure versus pain as moral guides have been discussed at length, time and again, by persons far more noteworthy than myself.

Too few people understand it, however, because details have not been spread around by those whose enterprising nature causes them to seek monetary gain from their expositions. Money is to be made, they have discovered (and will fervently deny), by opposing its principles, and too many of us are made afraid by the blasphemy against it expounded from pulpits worldwide, as ringing voices fill churches, synagogues, mosques and schools with horror-wrought tales of deeds done dirty with foul diseases and drippy body parts for their immediate rewards, not to mention the "forever" to be spent in all forms of Hell by the grace of the various gloomy gods. Even Aristotle saw a good side to pain, but not much good in pleasure which, like our founding fathers, he equated with happiness.

We are made happy when we feel rewarded. It seems more practical to understand pleasure to be a reward, such as a goal to work toward, or a reward for overcoming pain and other obstacles that stand between each of us and our hearts' true desires. Although too many of us have no idea what that means, we will attempt to examine this idea under the title Practical Hedonism.

By practical, we are saying it ought to work at the level most of us live, that practicing it should only make us better at it, and that we should be able to learn enough about how and why it works to be able to pass that on to our children without much outside help and advice, and no coercion. In other words, it ought to be something self-evident and self asserting, once accepted and understood.

Like all self-evidently true, nature-derived practices, Practical Hedonism suffers a failure to generate aggressive parasitic memes. The ability toCoercion begins with spanking and continues for the rest of our lives. demonstrate something as true removes that pressure from all scientific knowledge. There is no need to "cover up" such ideas with coercive practices, no urge to gather crowds together in emotional assemblages and get them fired up to go on the attack. The only hiding is from such people, once they have decided your proposals threaten their own beliefs, and that you are endangering their memeplexes with your evidence-laden theories.

What kind of evidence supports Practical Hedonism? Think of pleasure and pain as corrective guides. Pleasure is a reward (you will do more of what brings pleasure) and pain is a corrective warning (you will avoid experiencing pain by doing less of whatever incites it). With that in mind, if you have never struck your thumb with a hammer, consider doing so now (or, better, if you have never done that, consider something similar you have done). You know the feeling of smashed flesh, and the shock of seeing your own spattering blood. The result was either the giving up ever using a hammer again, or determination to learn how to control the thing and to keep your fingers and thumb out of the way while driving nails. You did not continue on in exactly the same way while never giving your pain another thought.

Consider purposefully choosing between these:

Pains

Pleasures

Allowing a truck to drive slowly over your toes. Eating the most luscious example of your favorite fruit you have ever tasted.
Diving into a pond filled with alligators and allowing yourself to be eaten alive. You have finally succeeded at the one ambition that has driven you all your life, and now the world recognizes you as a master.
Falling from the tenth floor of a building onto a crowded city street. The boss gave you praises along with a raise you had never asked for.
Listening to someone discuss something you completely disagree with, while you are forced to remain completely silent. You have just remembered the name of that song that has been going around in your mind, and have now located it on an album so you can hear the whole thing.
Getting captured and raped by a gorilla who does not care which sex you are. That tedious book took you so long to read and, now that you have thought about it, you suddenly understand what it was all about and want to read it again.

Yeah, we know: Pleasure is about sex and nothing else, right? That's what they taught in church, the lusts of the flesh, the seeking of earthly knowledge, the harlots and witches and daughters knowing their father. I feel sorry to have to inform you that there are many pleasures this world has to offer, that most of them have nothing to do with sex, lust, lasciviousness, or whatever your favorite congregationally approved evil happens to be.

Most pleasures require work to get the most out of them; that is why pleasure is called a "reward". You earn pleasure by doing things that will gain it for you. Things handed you in the name of pleasure quickly beget boredom and an urge to (to WHAT?) go find some way to earn yourself some pleasure. That makes you aware of another one of Practical Hedonism's fundamental rules: You gain Even the pleasure of dance requires one to act, and love even moreso.pleasure by doing, sometimes for others, sometimes for yourself, sometimes for your behavior (such as while acting responsibly) and sometimes for enduring pain while learning to master a tool or instrument, a subject of study, or the wooing of a potential mate. Pain that feels like pleasure.

And, by enduring such kinds of pain, you become aware of another rule: Pain with a goal begets pleasure upon achievement. Pain with no goal gets you an education or, failing that, maimed or dead. Pleasure with no associated goal begets, in one way or another, pain or boredom. That explains why those who have made great achievements in their lives seldom stop there, but go on to find another goal and seek new pleasures as a result of accomplishing that. Those who fail to do so are made noteworthy by the crashes they make when their success has ended and the bottom has fallen out from their lives. It is not the drive for money and riches, as we get told in our churches. It is the simple pleasure of achievement that spurs self-actualized people onward. The true measure of success, then, is in the amount of ongoing pleasure one enjoys.

Those who crash after their great achievements have generally been unaware of a primary rule Practical Hedonism enforces: Making your biggest accomplishments first will enable the lesser ones. Their big success behind them, the feeling that smaller accomplishments are too inconsequential to bother with, accompanied by a need to answer to the demands of managers and other handlers, leaves such people with a sense of directionlessness and loss of control. Life becomes like running fast just to stay in one spot. They forget, or are caused to forget, their drive is not toward fame and money, but toward pleasure as a reward, and not pleasure as an end in itself.

Even the smallest achievements are rewarded with pleasure: Finally getting that troublesome sentence to say exactly what you wanted it to say. Expressing an opinion to someone, and having them appreciate the way you showed them a new way to see some thing. The first time your baby takes her first step or two without your help. All of them are just minor reinforcements of the idea that doing right brings pleasure, and doing wrong brings pain: What if that sentence still awaits that perfect expression? What if that person scolded you, and demanded to know how you'd dare to say something like that? What if your child had tripped and gotten hurt because of your failure to observe all the hazards where you were?

Never misunderstand there is something to condemn about unearned pleasure. There's not. Pleasures one may bestow upon another as a gift must somehow have been earned in order to be deserved, and that is not something for others who are uninvolved to consider. It is nobody else's business. The natural reluctance of a person's body and flagging spirits are enough condemnation for any kind of pleasure, for they are signs that pleasure has evaporated and that what might once have been pleasurable has now become something to be endured.

What you learn as a result of applying pleasure versus pain to the Practical Hedonism that you have, perhaps unwittingly, been practicing all your own life is what guides all of us in spite of what sex-starved preachers and their congregations might claim. Hedonism competes with organized religions in every aspect. In any study of Practical Hedonism, you will learn that pain is the cost of pleasure, whether pain comes beforehand or after, and so pain is a personal measure of pleasure's worth to any one of us. You will seldom find any case where this is not true, given a wide understanding of definitions of pain, including that pain may be a cost paid by others made to suffer from pleasure in which they had no part. It is from understanding this that morality arises from Practical Hedonism in a fashion superior to any organized religion.

With no evidentiary support for their side, organized religions resort to vilifying all their opponents, and to choosing the easiest target on their strongest competitors to distract attention away from the truth. Humans have always had problems dealing with their sexual natures, and organized religions have all found that to be a convenient strawman to keep their flocks in the dark by telling them the opposite of the truth, and by avoiding any mention about hedonism's strong points. Omitting facts to uphold a doctrine is a form of lying. To describe events that never happened, places that don't exist, consequences that never occur, expressions never spoken or written, and then use those to vilify competing ideas is also a form of lying.

Practical Hedonism demands that pleasure be seen and understood as reward, and pain works to steer us toward pleasure by avoidance. There remains one aspect of this that, being not so obvious, allows the religionists to get away with their scam. We saw a hint about it earlier, but it needs to be clarified.

We can use the religionists' fetish about sexual lust for our own examples, since most readers will have dreamed about it enough times to have a pretty complete picture (accurate or not) about that subject.

We also have plenty of other material from which to draw examples, but it all boils down to one picture: Performing any kind of action beyond the point of maximal familiarity begins to feel laborious. A musician may gain national prominence, fame, more money than he or she can possibly spend in several lifetimes, and then discover the requirement to continue the circuit while following the same frenzied routine leads to what is known as burnout. You may love to drive across country, see where new roads lead, and think, "I wish I could earn my living this way." Succeed at gaining your wish, and then start counting down to the point where you start wishing to have your old life back again, or start thinking, "There must be some better way to earn a living than at this boring job." Lay yourself down for a nap, and ponder what it would be like to never have to get back up. Ponder further, about what it would be like to be made to stay asleep, no matter how demanding is your present urge for some rest, long after your body has revived and is once more ready for action.

Sexual activity, whether called lust, lasciviousness, or demonized by any other name, does not escape from nature's rules. Whether a dream or a nightmare, to be surrounded by panting, lust-filled naked humans ready to perform your every desire, so many they reach to all the horizons, each bringing your wishes in the form of drinks, luscious desserts, and ribald fantasies would soon convince any one of us that the religious picture results more from imagination than practical reality. Such a picture of hedonism is not practical by any means, however driven one might feel at any given instant in time.

It is that instant in time that you feel driven by sexual impulses, however, that your preacher (by whatever terminology he gets designated in your cult or sect) finds so unsettling as to be worth the many fiery sermons he has given about it. It is when your attention gets turned by natural impulses toward unearned pleasures and self gratification the importance of his message within your mind is most threatened.

Practical Hedonists must always be aware of pain's true role in human life: to guide us toward pleasurable circumstances. In that vein, pain may be endured for the sake of expected or hoped for greater pleasure. The preachers promise us Heaven, but we cannot live to collect their debt to us, however much pleasure we forestall in consideration for their promise. Those of us fortunate enough to still recall our early dreams, those that sang to us a siren's wail to direct us toward what seemed like destiny and begat a yearning for accomplishment in one field or another, may also realize for what we gave up those dreams.

"I wanted to be a nurse, but I Love is a poemmarried you instead."

"They told me I showed promise early on, but Dad talked me into giving up my impractical dream to take over his business."

"I played cops and robbers all the time as a kid. I wanted to be a policeman, but being a doctor pays several times what I could earn doing that."

I'll bet every one of us could write pages of similar examples, just from the experiences of people we know. We dream the dream, and then reality sets in and we make up excuses for never having tried. What steers us away from our dreams is not fear of failure nor of success; it is not a lack of talent, however much people laughed at you when you told them about your dream; it is most likely not whatever excuse you give for your own failure. It is the sense of expected pain, pain that we have no ideas about how bad it will feel, nor how to handle it to help us gain accomplishments toward our dreams. Practical Hedonism demands that pain should steer us toward pleasure. We already dream about the pleasure of success. We cannot perceive how the expected pain will help us get there. That inability plays a large part in the generation of natural reluctance to perform. Other opportunities compete and offer rewards that seem more immediate. We choose, then live to regret or forget.

An inability to prioritize and plan also plays a large role. An ability to establish priorities is a requirement for any kind of accomplishment and a large part of planning. Inability to perceive what steps any accomplishment will require one to take causes the foreseeable pain to appear substantial and as a solid block, rather than segmented into smaller, easily endured portions that mark each step on a chosen path. Pain arrives as stress, injuries, soreness, boredom, threats from others, fear, loss, and more, all of which absence of planning allows to appear as though it will be too much for anyone to handle. Planning, tentative prediction, and assessments made of pain to be expected at each foreseeable step will allow anyone to realize how others have conquered their dreams and made them into realities.

As a nation, The United States of America was founded upon practical hedonistic principles, with a warning about how the freedom required for pursuing those principles and putting them into practice could be lost. That freedom has been lost to us, as organized religion has encroached upon the pursuit of happiness and demonized it out of vogue. The result of that is more than just the increasing rates of crime, violence, and murders, it is also the increase in the general level of stress and angst within our population, our increasing fear of each other and of strangers, divisiveness rather than unity, and an absence of a sense of direction at the personal level as well as for our country as a whole.

I would suggest we take steps to cure that, by becoming cognizant of the value Practical Hedonism offers to each and every person, that we should understand how it works, and what it offers as guidance so that we each can pursue the most enjoyable life of which we are personally capable, that we each gain the sense of purpose that self-awareness enables, and from that become aware of the harm we have done to ourselves and to each other as a result of our falsely guilt-inspired, misdirected avoidance of this.

 

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"To deny a right to the experience of pleasure is immoral unless that denial can be justified by a valid presentation of how pain will result from that experience in an amount that would render the expected pleasure regrettable; or, if it can be shown that pain will be induced in others innocent of any involvement. The role of science in moral issues should be to test that, predict that, and find harmless ways to demonstrate that."

— L. H. Whitling in the eBook, Secular Morality

This page last edited on 02/27/2008 

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