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The Nature of Evil

by Lloyd Harrison Whitling

Here's how and why we can apply Newton's Rules of Reason to understanding Evolution's First Cause, and the Nature of Evil.
 

Let's start by understanding these: (1) Time can best be understood as the distance (duration) between events, or points within an event. (2) A dimension can most simply be understood as the distance from a change of direction to the next change of direction. (3) The totality of all that exists derives only from the events and processes that combine and work together to make that result. (4) Processes wholly consist of combinations of events and lesser processes, all of which can be understood as events in themselves. (5) All the ongoing events and processes to exist culminate in the overweening process we call 'Nature'; and all of Nature can be reduced to those events and processes and still be fully understood in that manner.  The inception of the universe was such an event. If time has a beginning, it was at the instant that inception began, but it seems most logical to think it was in the inception of a one-dimensional span of duration that preceded that minute initial event while whatever led up to it did its work (and was, itself, the unrecognized initial event).

I have been accused of claiming that time, as a force, caused material to exist. Not true; that would be to claim something that violates our understanding of natural laws. In one important but arguable hypothesis, inertia caused particles to exist via the first strings to form in space time. Those strings caused material to exist. From what came the inertia?

We must first understand the nature of inertia to understand the answer, or even to express an answer. Inertia is, according to American Heritage, the tendency of a body to resist acceleration; the tendency of a body at rest to remain at rest or of a body in motion to stay in motion in a straight line unless acted on by an outside force. The nature of time, which we now recognize as a dimension, is that its passing (or, our passing of it) occurs as a single dimension that represents a span between any two points located in events. Being only single-dimensional,  It is a dimension The passing of Time is like a strand with only length to measurewhose span is always being drawn. Being one-dimensional, time is a substance-less phenomenon. It has no width or thickness, only length, and so we have no way to perceive it except through its results, and consider its existence to be in the abstract in spite of that. Although we cannot see one-dimensional objects, we can sense their existence, and we recognize time (whether rightly or wrongly), thinking of ourselves as static, by sensing it as something that passes us by while inclusive events occur around (and within) us. As events recede and new events begin, we conceive that time passes endlessly with no apparent beginning or end, like a strand with only length in all its measurements.

Natural law requires us to assign the property of inertia to anything ongoing and uninterrupted, in spite of not knowing or understanding the exact nature of that ongoingness. It matters little, after all, whether it is time that does the going, whether all else simply passes it by while it stays still, or whether it is only a perceived condition of existence; inertia must still be a property belonging to it.

So, we have two things in the vast emptiness of pre-material space: time, and its property of inertia. Space also exists within itself, a vast emptiness we can hardly recognize as having existence, but still we must acknowledge it as there. We find ourselves capable to recognize space, acknowledge its describable qualities, give it a name, and know it when we see it. So space, in the human perceptions of things, must be acknowledged as existent. You may feel like arguing against that, but please read on. A lot of what goes against it is a matter of perceptions.

Space, whether it goes or stays put, must also be capable to claim the property of inertia that we have already described and granted to time. Energy is a form of material existence. Anything that disturbed the inertia of space or time would act as a force and so generate energy as a result. Inertia, then, as still now, generates energy when it is disturbed. The energy is not created, as we would like to claim and I have been accused of claiming. It is only thrown off in an amount equal to the amount of inertia lost to the disturbance.

We are not talking of grand and spectacular phenomena here. We are talking of the small, the minuscule, occurrences far below the level of our perceptions, less than dust. We are talking about the generation of strings, something so tiny they could pass right through our bodies without any of our awareness, and 1most likely have been doing so all along. Our bodies, relative to the sizes of strings, would be something like our bodies compared to the universe, but in reverse. Tiny. Seemingly meaningless. Are you snickering yet?

The inception of strings introduced gravity into the mix, another form of inertia-possessing phenomenon. Gravity, compliments of American Heritage: a. The natural force of attraction exerted by a celestial body, such as Earth, upon objects at or near its surface, tending to draw them toward the center of the body. b. The natural force of attraction between any two massive bodies, which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Let’s ask ourselves a question or two about those definitions, before we go on and try to discover what all this has to do with the nature of evil.

What does ‘massive’ mean?–and what does ‘celestial’ mean? Your body and mine possess the property of gravity, do they not? If we both happen to be Americans, that may mean they are massive, but that does not make them celestial. The definition in the dictionary comes from the ordinary understanding of gravity, which is that it is a property of planets and stars that "work upon" objects around them. All objects exhibit this trait, this property. Dust possesses the property of gravity, proportional to its size (its mass). In other words, gravity is a property of all material. Germs, viruses, strings gravitate: the force of gravitational inertia, providing they are within a required proximity and other forces (such as friction, or air currents) did not interfere, would draw them together.

In empty space, wherever material enters a gravitational field, it will be drawn to the source, and draw the source toward itself according to their proportions. The resultant process of that is a form of accretion (or, growth) which is the only way that Nature (in a process known as evolution) developed the material required to form a universe. Evolution, a universal process, is the operating principle of Nature, of which Biological Evolution (using adaptation) is the only aspect of which most people are aware. Evolution appears in many forms throughout natural and mechanical processes, and operates according to the so-called "Law" of Cause and Effect (also known as Action and Consequence).

Now, let’s repeat Newton’s Laws for Reasoning and then use them not only to evaluate what has been said here so far, but to assess what we have to say about the nature of evil, and evaluate that accordingly:

1.We are to admit no more causes of natural things, than such as are both true and sufficient to explain their appearances. The simplest explanations are those which will be found true, and anything beyond them will serve only to introduce superfluous errors. This is similar to Ockham’s Razor (principle of parsimony).

2. Therefore to the same natural effects we must, as far as possible, assign the same causes. A human breathes the same as a lion; rocks raise from the ground the same the world over; fire is fire, whether it is on Earth or the 2Sun; light reflects the same from the Earth as from the moon.

3. The qualities of bodies, which admit neither intension nor remission of degrees, and which are found to belong to all bodies within reach of our experiments, are to be esteemed the universal qualities of all bodies whatsoever. Only by insistence of fiction and dreams would experiments performed upon the planet Earth be thought to yield different properties of matter and evidence than all elsewhere in the Universe, and so violate the requirements of Rules 1 and 2.

4. In experimental philosophy we are to look upon propositions collected by general induction from phenomena as accurately or very nearly true, notwithstanding any contrary hypotheses that may be imagined, till such time as other phenomena occur, by which they may either be made more accurate, or liable to exceptions. In other words, contrary hypotheses are not to be granted a privilege of evading the inductive value of evidence.

Induction: Logic. a. The process of deriving general principles from particular facts or instances. b. A conclusion reached by this process.

Hypothesis: a. A tentative explanation to account for a set of facts that can be tested by further investigation; or: b. An assumption taken to be true for the purpose of argument or investigation. A hypothesis is not a theory.

Theory: a. Systematically organized knowledge applicable in a relatively wide variety of circumstances, especially a system of assumptions, accepted principles, and rules of procedure devised to analyze, predict, or otherwise explain the nature or behavior of a specified set of phenomena. b. Such knowledge or such a system.

Those rules are here not only for you to use for evaluation of what I write, but they will stand you in good stead for a lifetime. Learn them by heart, practice using them here, and add to them as you learn more about the practices of science.

So, how does American Heritage define evil?

e·vil (¶"vl) adj. e·vil·er, e·vil·est. 1. Morally bad or wrong; wicked: an evil tyrant.. 2. Causing ruin, injury, or pain; harmful: the evil effects of a poor diet. 3. Characterized by or indicating future misfortune; ominous: evil omens. 4. Bad or blameworthy by report; infamous: an evil reputation. 5. Characterized by anger or spite; malicious: an evil temper. --e·vil n. 1. The quality of being morally bad or wrong; wickedness. 2. That which causes harm, misfortune, or destruction: a leader's power to do both good and evil. 3. An evil force, power, or personification. 4. Something that is a cause or source of suffering, injury, or destruction: the social evils of poverty and injustice. --e·vil adv. Archaic. In an evil manner.

In other words, evil is recognized to be a quality (and not a thing or presence) by which an entity, event or condition is valued as it pertains to humans and morality. In a social setting, it is that which violates important laws; in a natural setting, it is that which violates natural laws. It is not a presence that exists among us, except as fictional (a personification). That idea violates a logical rule called the fallacy of reification or hypostatization. It is not something existent in nature, but is a value assessed according to human perceptions in regard to activities and conditions (causes and effects) and their results applied upon mankind as individuals, or as groups, or the things that mankind cares about. The scary idea that "evil walks among us" must be relegated to the category of horror fiction.

So, add Action and Consequence to Newton’s Rules of Reason. Let’s apply this natural process first to the development of the Universe to see if it actually works, and then to the Nature of Evil.

The ongoing nature of time in pre-universe, pre-Big Bang space, and space itself, display the naturally pervasive effects of inertia as inherent to all of Nature without exception. Inertia inherent to the ongoing nature of time may have interfered with the inertia inherent to empty space. To suppose otherwise violates Newton’s Rules of Reason providing, of course, that time and/or space possess the quality of inertia we have granted them (inertia meaning, as in all cases, that they will maintain whatever motion they undergo until something happens to influence that condition otherwise, whether they stay still or in motion). This means that time and space have no actual beginning in any way that we could understand; to think otherwise is to ponder something that violates the natural laws of inertia. To offer a tentative acceptance of such an idea will allow you to experience the profundity of Nature’s simple procedures. No ghosts, exterior influences, added hypotheses, nor other violations of Newton’s Rules of Reason are required for it to work.

The inertia inherent to time, space and gravity are weak but still recognizable and would only be strong enough to initiate one-dimensional sub-micro particles if one affected the other. The existence of one such particle would likely be enough to disrupt the inertia at whatever spot it occupied, and bring about replication of itself. This rising up from apparent nothingness would be the first application of Action and Consequence. The natural effects of gravity inherent to matter would cause it to assemble into larger bodies to eventually achieve the mass necessary for the Big Bang to occur. This is likely an ongoing process. I would predict that to someday be found true and, if ever it is, that would serve as verification.

The Action and Consequence (Cause and Effect) nature of processes has been in operation since the beginning of material accumulation and still applies to all of Nature’s constructive enterprises, including those human beings would regard to be destructive. Ancient mankind, frightened by such events as nearby lightning strikes, earthquakes, volcanoes, floods as a result of hurricanes, flash floods, tornadoes, comets and meteors, flaming and exploding oil and gas fumes rising from the ground, death of loved ones, massive injuries, attacks by bands of wild predators, and more, had plenty of reason to suspect evil to exist and no knowledge to tell them otherwise. Have we yet advanced from that?

Evil is adjudged to be a quality of that which can be shown to be injurious to mankind; it might also be shown to be inherent to a preference for whatever spawns and promotes that, over what would forestall it and hold it in abeyance. The quality of purposeful ignorance, for example, may be such a thing as to promote evil. To fear the kind of knowledge that would end that kind of ignorance and the conditions inherent to it would spawn that kind of preference in an evil person. That kind of knowledge carries with it an awareness that each and every human being owns the responsibility to do the best they can for themselves and their heirs. Attempts to thwart others' such efforts could justifiably be perceived as evil. Ignorance of that kind of knowledge allows the perpetrators to shuck responsibility for their actions off their own shoulders and onto hypothetical existences in violation of Newton’s rules, and in attempts to violate the "Law" of Cause and Effect. To violate natural laws spawns conditions humans must learn to regard as evil; to avoid responsibility for the consequences of their own destructive activities spawns conditions humans must also learn to regard as evil; to purposefully choose oblivious ignorance while immersed in the midst of easily accessible knowledge about these simple aspects of Nature spawns conditions humans must, even more so, learn to regard as evil. The actions of various individuals and organizations to prevent awareness of simple natural knowledge, to prevent its spread whether by withholding of it, destruction of materials to present it, or by lying about it in such ways as to make others deem it to be undesirable, or of questionable value, must very soon come to be something regarded by humanity as blasphemous evil of the most dire kind, and immoral.

What Nature boils down to is nothing more than events and processes, continued to the present and into the future from the very beginning. You and I are processes within Nature, composed of processes resultant from other ongoing processes and events in a hierarchy that builds upon the very microparticles of which our beings are composed and all that is ongoing within them. All of our beings are bound together by the gravity inherent to those less than visible particles, all of which are bound to the planet upon which we were spawned and from whose elements and particles our own process of existence began and continues. To prevent each and every one of us from understanding this most material view of our relationship with our planet, to avoid acknowledging the onus we bear for the future of humanity while we, in ignorance, allow a few to profit from its destruction, we must soon learn to regard as evil done against our own heirs.

If we misunderstand proper morality to be the fostering of evil, as we are too often and too persuasively taught in our cultures, and which we too heartily adopt as irrefutable truth in our own gullibility and laxity, and our own fear for the potential to lose our personal comfort, the morality we have promoted with such zeal is one that sponsors evil as defined herein, as regarded according to Newton’s Rules of Reason, and as Cause and Effect/Action and Consequence applies to the onus our future generations will regard us as having avoided. It is they who will suffer when we have stolen their resources for our own pleasure, and torn down our world rather than being constructive in our usage and understanding of it. It seems imperative, then, that we must quickly learn to recognize the rabble-rousing tactics of those serving the interests of destruction with their loud pronouncements that violate Newton’s Rules of Reason. By insisting upon the existence of intervening, unnatural conditions demanding that we behave in unnatural ways, by conjuring up specters that walk invisibly among us and threaten us with punishments and torture for refusing to act and believe in the unnatural ways for which they seek enforcement, to introduce and perpetuate self-loathing and hatred for the humanity of our beings and our heirs, arousing malignant attitudes in our midst which threaten us all with obfuscatory and mystifying doctrines complicated by an insistence we accept as truth what would in any other situation be whole cloth, Newton’s Laws of Reason and Action and Consequence get trashed beyond any hope of reconciliation.

Would it not behoove us to learn how to quickly recognize such individuals as being beneath even our desire to scoff at them, but that we ought to recognize the threat they pose against humanity and the wiliness with which they work to impose their errors and misconceptions that has led to their great success and to humanity’s eventual downfall? That which works so hard to destroy us, we ought to recognize as evil by dictionary decree, and learn to act accordingly to remove them from their public forum to make way for a truer understanding of our selves.

For such are enemies against the whole of mankind, spreading demonstrable lies in the name of Truth, by which they betray the trust of their own followers, and all of mankind gets infected by that. If you still snicker, you may be one of them.

 

FOOTNOTES:                                                            

(1)  We can safely predict that strings will first be known as some inexplicable part of the universe that will go unrecognized, perhaps, for generations.       RETURN

(2) A careful reading of that portion of the sentence ought to avoid eliciting a discussion about whether fire actually can exist on the sun, or about the nature of the sun's glow which is from a different cause than fire.          RETURN

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